In the world of contemporary architecture, where innovation often takes the form of towering skyscrapers or futuristic designs, Salima Naji has carved a distinct path. She stands as a beacon of cultural preservation and sustainability, bringing Morocco’s vernacular architecture into the global spotlight. Her work is a celebration of tradition, community, and ecological responsibility, rooted deeply in Morocco’s diverse heritage.
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Who is Salima Naji?
Salima Naji is a Moroccan architect, anthropologist, and restorer who has dedicated her career to preserving and revitalizing traditional architecture in Morocco. Born in 1970, Naji was trained in France, earning her degree in architecture from École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Paris-Belleville. However, her heart has always belonged to Morocco, where she returned to focus on the conservation and revival of the country’s architectural heritage.
Naji’s work transcends mere restoration. It embodies a philosophy that respects the wisdom of ancient building practices while adapting them for contemporary use. Her projects often involve engaging local communities, utilizing indigenous materials, and incorporating environmentally sustainable methods.
The Vernacular Architecture of Morocco
Morocco is home to a rich and diverse architectural tradition, shaped by its unique geography, climate, and history. From the rammed-earth kasbahs of the south to the stone villages of the Atlas Mountains, the country’s architecture reflects centuries of adaptation to its environment.
Key elements of Moroccan vernacular architecture include:
- Natural Materials: Use of adobe, rammed earth, stone, and palm wood, materials that are not only abundant but also highly sustainable.
- Passive Cooling Techniques: Thick walls, courtyards, and ingenious ventilation systems designed to withstand the extremes of desert heat and mountain cold.
- Community-Centric Spaces: Structures designed to foster social interaction, reflecting the collective ethos of Moroccan society.
Salima Naji’s work seeks to honour these traditions while addressing the challenges of modern living.
Reviving the Past, Building the Future
One of Salima Naji’s most celebrated contributions is her work on the restoration of Morocco’s collective granaries (ighrem). These centuries-old structures, found in the High Atlas and Anti-Atlas regions, are architectural marvels built to store and protect communal food supplies. Unfortunately, many of these granaries have fallen into disrepair due to neglect and changing societal needs.
Naji’s restoration projects breathe new life into these monuments. By incorporating traditional techniques and involving local artisans, she ensures that the restoration process itself becomes a means of preserving intangible cultural heritage. Her work extends beyond mere preservation; she often reimagines these spaces for modern purposes, such as community centres or cultural landmarks, ensuring their relevance for future generations.
Key Projects
- The Agadir of Amtoudi In this fortified granary perched atop a mountain, Naji used traditional stone masonry and local labor to restore the structure. She preserved its defensive and storage functions while making it a cultural attraction for visitors.
- The Oasis of Figuig Naji’s work in this remote oasis involved not just architectural restoration but also ecological renewal, addressing water management and desertification issues. This holistic approach highlights her commitment to sustainability.
- Tighmert Eco-Museum This project exemplifies her ability to blend tradition with modernity. Built using local materials and techniques, the museum serves as both a cultural repository and a hub for ecological education.
Champion of Sustainability and Community
Salima Naji’s work is not just about architecture; it’s about people and the environment. She is a firm advocate for:
- Eco-Friendly Building Practices: By using natural and local materials, her projects minimize environmental impact.
- Empowering Local Communities: Naji actively involves local artisans and labourers, ensuring that her projects benefit the communities they serve. She often teaches traditional techniques to younger generations, preserving invaluable skills.
- Cultural Preservation: In a globalized world, Naji’s work is a counter-narrative to homogenization, celebrating the unique cultural identity of Morocco.
Recognition and Global Impact
Salima Naji’s work has earned her international acclaim. She has published extensively on vernacular architecture and cultural preservation, and her projects have been featured in exhibitions and conferences worldwide. Yet, she remains grounded and focused on the people and places that inspire her.
Awards and Recognition
Salima Naji’s work has been celebrated both in Morocco and internationally. Key recognitions include:
- Young Architects Prize, EDF Foundation (Paris, 2004)
- Holcim Prize for Sustainable Development, Africa-Middle East (2011)
- Takrim of the Order of Architects of Morocco (2010, 2019)
- Chevalier des Arts et Lettres, République Française (2017)
She was also shortlisted twice for the prestigious Aga Khan Award for Architecture (2013, 2022), a testament to her contributions to culturally resonant and environmentally mindful architecture.
Conclusion
Salima Naji’s architectural philosophy serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of tradition in a rapidly modernizing world. Her projects are not just buildings; they are living testaments to Morocco’s cultural heritage, sustainable innovation, and the resilience of its communities. As a true star of vernacular architecture, Salima Naji is not only preserving Morocco’s past but also shaping its future.
